Top 30 Scientists Quiz Questions with Answers
Welcome to the Ultimate Scientists Quiz!
In this quiz, we have compiled 30 multiple-choice questions based on important scientific discoveries from physics, chemistry, and biology.
These MCQs are designed to test your knowledge and strengthen your preparation for school exams (Class 6–10) and government competitive exams. There is no time limit, so take your time, think carefully, and focus on accuracy rather than speed. At the end of the quiz, you will receive a scorecard to evaluate your performance.
So, are you ready to score full marks? Let’s find out how well you really know the scientists.
Scientists Quiz Questions with Answers
Let’s begin with Question No. 1 👇
1. Who is known as the Father of Modern Physics?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Albert Einstein
C. Galileo Galilei
D. Michael Faraday
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein is widely recognized as the father of modern physics due to his outstanding contributions to the theory of relativity and his explanation of the photoelectric effect. His work greatly influenced the development of quantum theory and changed our understanding of space, time, energy, and matter.
2. Who proposed the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1687?
A. Galileo Galilei
B. Albert Einstein
C. Johannes Kepler
D. Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton
Newton proposed the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1687 in his book Principia. It states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
3. Who discovered the electron using cathode ray experiments in 1897?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. J.J. Thomson
C. James Chadwick
D. Niels Bohr
J.J. Thomson
In 1897, British physicist J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, the first subatomic particle, by experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He observed that cathode rays were deflected by electric and magnetic fields, indicating that they were negatively charged particles.
4. Who discovered the neutron by bombarding beryllium with alpha particles in 1932?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. James Chadwick
C. Niels Bohr
D. J.J. Thomson
James Chadwick
Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 by bombarding beryllium with alpha particles.
5. Who discovered the proton during his gold foil experiment studies?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. John Dalton
C. Niels Bohr
D. J.J. Thomson
Ernest Rutherford
- Ernest Rutherford identified the hydrogen nucleus as a fundamental particle in 1917. He later named it the “proton” around 1920. His experiment involved bombarding nitrogen gas with alpha particles, which produced hydrogen nuclei.
- In 1886, Eugen Goldstein observed canal rays (positive ions) but did not identify the proton as a distinct fundamental nuclear particle.
6. Who gave the three laws of motion, which define the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it?
A. Newton
B. Kepler
C. Galileo
D. Maxwell
Newton
Isaac Newton gave the three laws of motion, which explain how forces affect the motion of objects and form the foundation of classical mechanics.
7. Who proposed the modern heliocentric model of the solar system?
A. Ptolemy
B. Copernicus
C. Galileo
D. Kepler
Copernicus
A 16th-century Polish astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus, is credited with proposing the modern heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center rather than the Earth.
8. Who invented the first practical telephone in 1876?
A. Thomas Edison
B. Alexander Graham Bell
C. Johann Philipp Reis
D. Antonio Meucci
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell is generally credited with inventing the first practical telephone, receiving the first U.S. patent for the device on March 7, 1876.
9. Who invented the practical electric bulb in 1879?
A. Joseph Swan
B. Thomas Alva Edison
C. Michael Faraday
D. Lewis Howard Latimer
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison is credited with inventing the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879.
10. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Watson
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Stepham Hawking
Gregor Mendel
An Austrian Augustinian friar and scientist, Gregor Mendel, is known as the “Father of Genetics” for discovering the fundamental laws of inheritance through pea plant experiments.
11. Who discovered penicillin in 1928?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Edward Jenner
C. Koch
D. Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in September 1928. The discovery occurred at St. Mary’s Hospital, in London. He observed that a mold inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria. He concluded the mold released a bacteria-killing substance and named it penicillin.
12. Human-to-human transplantation of heart is first done by
A. Dr. Willum Harvey
B. Sir F.G. Hoffkins
C. Dr. Louis Pasture
D. Dr. Christiaan Barnard
Dr. Christiaan Barnard
Dr. Christiaan Barnard, a South African cardiac surgeon, performed the world’s first human-to-human heart transplant on December 3, 1967, at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. The recipient was 54-year-old Louis Washkansky, who lived for 18 days after the surgery before dying of pneumonia.
13. Who was the first scientist to correctly explain the circulation of blood in the human body?
A. William Harvey
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. Ronal Ross
D. Hippocrates
William Harvey
William Harvey, an English physician, explained the circulatory system (blood circulation) in 1628. He demonstrated that the heart pumps blood through arteries and veins in a continuous closed system.
14. Who developed the periodic table in 1869?
A. Henry Moseley
B. John Dalton
C. Niels Henrik David Bohr
D. Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements based on atomic mass.
15. Who discovered radioactivity in 1896?
A. Pierre Curie
B. Rutherford
C. Henri Becquerel
D. Niels Henrik David Bohr
Henri Becquerel
A French physicist, Henri Becquerel, discovered radioactivity in 1896, who found that uranium salts emitted rays that could penetrate paper and darken photographic plates without an external energy source.
16. Who discovered the double helix model of DNA?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C. Watson and Crick
D. Stepham Hawking
Watson and Crick
Watson and Crick proposed the double-helix structure in 1953.
17. Who among the following discovered X-rays in 1895?
A. Wilhelm Roentgen
B. Marie Curie
C. Ernest Rutherford
D. Albert Einstein
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895.
18. Who among the following is considered the “father of quantum theory”?
A. Werner Heisenberg
B. Niels Bohr
C. Albert Einstein
D. Max Planck
Max Planck
Max Planck is considered the “father of quantum theory”. He discovered quantum theory in 1900.
19. Antibiotic streptomycin was discovered by which among the following scientists?
A. Alexander Fleming
B. Selman Waksman
C. Edward Jenner
D. None of these
Selman Waksman
Selman Waksman is often called the “Father of Antibiotics” for coining the term and discovering streptomycin in 1943. He discovered the first effective antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.
20. Who is known as the Father of Electricity?
A. Nikola Tesla
B. James Clerk Maxwell
C. Michael Faraday
D. Thomas Alva Edison
Michael Faraday
The English scientist, Michael Faraday, is commonly known as the “Father of Electricity”. He discovered the invention of the first electric motor and generator. He also discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis.
21. Who experimentally discovered the existence of electromagnetic waves?
A. Heinrich Hertz
B. James Clerk Maxwell
C. Hans Christian Oersted
D. None of the above
Heinrich Hertz
Hertz experimentally proved electromagnetic waves.
22. Who invented the World Wide Web?
A. Tim Berners-Lee
B. Charles Babbage
C. Steve Jobs
D. None of the above
Tim Berners-Lee
Tim Berners-Lee invented the WWW in 1989. Charles Babbage is known as the father of computer.
23. Who among the following is famous for discovering the first true antibiotic in 1928?
A. Joseph Lister
B. Alexander Fleming
C. Edward Jenner
D. Selman Waksman
Alexander Fleming
Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered the world’s first true antibiotic named penicillin at St. Mary’s Hospital in London.
24. Who among the following discovered human blood groups?
A. William Harvey
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Karl Landsteiner
D. Robert Koch
Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900, which made safe blood transfusion possible. He later received the Nobel Prize in 1930 for this discovery.
25. Who discovered the process of cell division (mitosis)?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Walther Flemming
D. Matthias Schleiden
Walther Flemming
Walther Flemming discovered and described mitosis (cell division) in the late 19th century. Eduard Strasburger also studied cell division, but mainly in plant cells.
26. Who prepared the first pure enzyme in crystalline form?
A. Eduard Buchner
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Frederick Hopkins
D. James B. Sumner
James B. Sumner
In 1926, James B. Sumner crystallized the enzyme urease, proving that enzymes are proteins. This was the first time a pure enzyme was prepared and studied.
27. The technique of DNA fingerprinting in humans was first developed by which scientist?
A. Alec Jeffreys
B. Francis Crick
C. James Watson
D. Kary Mullis
Alec Jeffreys
Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting in 1984 at the University of Leicester. This technique is widely used in forensic science, paternity testing, and identification.
28. Name the scientist of Indian origin who was associated with the synthesis of the human insulin gene.
A. C.V. Raman
B. Har Gobind Khorana
C. Saran Narang
D. Indra Vasil
Har Gobind Khorana
Har Gobind Khorana, an Indian-born American biochemist, was famously associated with the synthesis of the first artificial gene, which laid the foundation for biotechnology and the later synthesis of human insulin.
29. Who coined the term “Biotechnology”?
A. Cohen and Boyer
B. Nathan and Smith
C. Karl Ereky
D. William Hays
Karl Ereky
The term biotechnology was coined by Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky in 1919 to describe the use of living organisms for industrial production.
30. Who invented the stethoscope?
A. René Laennec
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Robert Koch
D. Edward Jenner
René Laennec
René Laennec invented the stethoscope in 1816. He created it to listen to the sounds of the heart and lungs, which greatly improved medical diagnosis.
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