In this chapter, we will learn about shapes of orbitals. We know that an atomic orbital is the three-dimensional region or area in space around…

In this chapter, we will learn about quantum numbers. As you know that there are a large number of persons in the world. If you…

Atomic orbital is the three-dimensional region or space around the nucleus of atom, where the probability of finding an electron is maximum (90 – 95%).…

Quantum mechanical model of atom is the atomic model which is based on the particle and wave nature of the electron. This model is also…

In this chapter, you will learn about the Schrodinger wave equation and its derivation. A microscopic object, such as an electron exhibits both observable wavelike…

In this chapter, you will learn about Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Neil Bohr’s theory assumes an electron as a material particle of small mass revolving round…

In this chapter, we will learn about the dual nature of particles: de Broglie equation or relationship. In 1905, Albert Einstein had suggested that the…

Heinrich Hertz in 1887 discovered that when a beam of light of suitable high frequency strikes on a clean metal plate (such as cesium) in…

In this chapter, we will explore Bohr’s atomic model and its postulate. We will also see the derivation of radius of Bohr’s orbit, velocity of…

The hydrogen spectrum refers to the spectrum of light emitted or absorbed by hydrogen atoms. It is an example of the line emission spectrum or…