30 Cell Organelles MCQ Quiz for Competitive Exams

Welcome to our ultimate Cell Organelles MCQ quiz! Are you preparing for RRB, SSC CGL, JE, NEET, or other competitive exams? Test your knowledge of cell organelles with the most important 30 multiple-choice questions based on cell organelles.

There is no time limit to answer the questions. However, you can also set the time limit on your mobile. You can also bookmark this quiz to revise before exams! Let’s see if you can score 30/30—start now with question 1! 👇

1. Which scientist first discovered the nucleus in plant cells?

A. Robert Hooke

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Robert Brown

D. Matthias Schleiden

Robert Brown discovered the nucleus while observing epidermal cells of orchid plants under a microscope in 1831.

2. Which of the following are components of the nucleus?

Nucleoplasm
Nuclear Envelope
Chromatin

A. Only 1 and 2

B. Only 2 and 3

C. Only 1 and 3

D. All are correct

The chief components of the nucleus are: Nuclear Envelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Nucleolus, and Nuclear Pores.

3. What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

A. Synthesizing proteins directly in the cytoplasm

B. Storing and protecting genetic material (DNA)

C. Digesting cellular waste and pathogens

D. Producing ATP for cellular energy

The nucleus, often called the cell’s “control center,” houses the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and regulates cell functions by regulating gene expression. In simple word, the nucleus is primarily responsible for controlling cell activities and storing genetic material.

4. Which component of the nucleus protects the nucleus and regulates material exchange?

A. Nucleoplasm

B. Chromatin

C. Nuclear Pores

D. Nuclear Envelope

Nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls the exchange of substances through nuclear pores.

5. Which structure within the nucleus is responsible for ribosome production?

A. Nucleoplasm

B. Chromatin

C. Nucleolus

D. Nuclear Pores

Nucleolus is a dense region inside the nucleus that is responsible for ribosome production.

6. What is the fluid inside the nucleus called?

A. Cytoplasm

B. Nucleoplasm

C. Riboplasm

D. Chromatin

Nucleoplasm, also called nuclear sap, is a gel-like substance inside the nucleus that contains enzymes, nucleotides, and other essential dissolved molecules needed for nuclear functions.

7. What is the main component of chromatin?

A. Lipids and proteins

B. RNA and carbohydrates

C. DNA and proteins

D. Nucleotides and lipids

Chromatin material mainly consists of DNA and proteins that are responsible for storing and transmitting the genetic information from one generation to another. It condenses into chromosomes at the time of cell division.

8. What is the main function of nuclear pores?

A. Store genetic material

B. Produce ribosomes

C. Provide energy for the nucleus

D. Control the passage of molecules like RNA and proteins

Nuclear pores are openings in the nuclear envelope that regulate the movement of RNA, proteins, and other molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

9. In what form is DNA present inside the nucleus when the cell is not dividing?

A. Chromatin

B. Chromosomes

C. Plasmids

D. None of these

Chromatin is the uncondensed form of DNA found in the nucleus during interphase. It consists of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.

10. Which of the following statements about the nucleus is false?

A. The nucleus is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

B. The nucleus contains genetic material in the form of DNA.

C. The nucleolus is involved in ribosome production.

D. The nucleus is an organelle present in all living cells.

The nucleus is found only in eukaryotic cells, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

11. Which of these is NOT a function of the nucleus?

A. Storing genetic material

B. Controlling cell activities

C. Producing ATP for energy

D. Synthesizing ribosomal RNA

ATP production occurs in the mitochondria, not inside the nucleus. The nucleus stores DNA and controls gene expression.

12. In which type of cell is the nucleus absent?

A. Animal cells

B. Plant cells

C. Bacterial cells

D. Fungal cells

Prokaryotic cells (Bacterial cells) lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Their genetic material DNA floats freely in the nucleoid region.

13. What structure helps maintain the shape of the nucleus?

A. Nuclear lamina

B. Cytoskeleton

C. Nucleoplasm

D. Golgi apparatus

The nuclear lamina is a fibrous network inside the nuclear envelope that provides structural support to the nucleus and helps organize chromatin to the nuclear periphery. It regulates nuclear assembly/disassembly during cell division.

14. What is the full form of DNA?

A. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

B. Dioxyribonucleic Acid

C. Deoxynitric Acid

D. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the genetic material present in the nucleus of cells, which carries instructions for growth, development, and reproduction.

15. What is the full form of RNA?

A. Ribonucleic Acid

B. Ribose Nucleic Acid

C. Riboprotein Nucleic Acid

D. Radical Nucleic Acid

RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid, which helps in protein synthesis and plays a role in transferring genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

16. Which of the following is not a component of the nucleus?

A. Chromatin

B. Nucleoplasm

C. Nuclear pores

D. Ribosomes

Ribosomes are organelles of cell which are freely present in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but they are not a part of the nucleus. Ribosomes were discovered by George Emil Palade in 1955.

17. Which of the following is NOT a function of ribosomes?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Translation of mRNA into proteins

C. Polypeptide formation

D. DNA replication

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not DNA replication. DNA replication occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes) or nucleoid (prokaryotes).

18. What are ribosomes made of?

A. DNA and proteins

B. Lipids and carbohydrates

C. RNA and proteins

D. Mitochondria and enzymes

Ribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Cytoplasmic proteins, which form two subunits. Both work together during protein synthesis.

19. In which organelle are ribosomes synthesized?

A. Mitochondria

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Lysosome

D. Nucleolus

The nucleolus, located inside the nucleus, is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomal subunits.

20. Which of the following is not a function of lysosomes?

A. Breaking down food particles.

B. Destroying harmful bacteria.

C. Recycling old organelles

D. Storing genetic material

Lysosomes do not store genetic material. They contain digestive enzymes, which help to break down food particles. Hence, lysosomes are also called “digestive bags”.

21. Which cell organelle is nicknamed “suicide bags of the cell”?

A. Mitochondria

B. Lysosomes

C. Golgi Apparatus

D. Ribosomes

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes) activated at pH ~4.5 that can break down cellular waste, pathogens, and even digest the entire damaged or dead cell containing them. Therefore, lysosomes are also called “suicidal bags” of the cell.

22. Lysosomes are found in which type of cells?

A. Plant cells only

B. Animal cells only

C. Both plant and animal cells

D. Bacterial cells only

Lysosomes are mainly found in animal cells. In plant cells, vacuoles perform similar functions.

23. Which cell organelle is responsible for the formation of lysosomes?

A. Golgi apparatus

B. Ribosomes

C. Mitochondria

D. Ribosomes

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids to form lysosomes.

24. Lysosomes play a crucial role in which of the following processes?

A. Photosynthesis

B. Protein synthesis

C. Respiration

D. Autophagy

Autophagy is the process in which lysosomes break down and recycle damaged cell parts, keeping the cell clean and healthy.

25. Which disease is caused by defective lysosomal enzymes?

A. Tay-Sachs disease

B. Diabetes

C. Malaria

D. Tuberculosis

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder caused by a lack of lysosomal enzymes.

26. What is the main function of the Golgi Complex or Golgi Apparatus?

A. Energy production

B. Protein synthesis

C. Modification, packaging, and transport of proteins

D. DNA replication

The Golgi complex is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell. It was discovered by an Italian scientist Camillo Golgi in 1898 using a special staining technique. The Golgi complex functions like a “post office” because it modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids before sending them to their destinations.

27. In which type of cells is the Golgi complex found?

A. Only in prokaryotic cells

B. Only in plant cells

C. Only in animal cells

D. In both plant and animal cells

The Golgi complex is present in eukaryotic cells, including both plant and animal cells. However, it is more prominent in secretory cells.

28. The Golgi complex mainly works with which other cell organelle?

A. Mitochondria

B. Ribosomes

C. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

D. Lysosomes

The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces proteins and lipids, which are then sent to the Golgi complex for modification, sorting, packaging and transport.

29. In which organism’s cells was the Golgi complex first discovered?

A. Cat

B. Rat

C. Human

D. Owl

In 1898, an Italian scientist, Camillo Golgi, observed Golgi complex in the neurons of an owl using his silver-staining technique.

30. In which cells were lysosomes first observed with an electron microscope?

A. Rat

B. Cat

C. Frog

D. Human

In the 1950s, Christian de Duve first identified lysosomes in cells of rat liver using differential centrifugation and electron microscopy.