Welcome to the Cell Organelles Quiz! This MCQ quiz will test your knowledge of Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Plastids, and some miscellaneous questions.
Whether you’re a biology student, or preparing for the competitive exams, such as NEET, RRB, SSC CGL, IAS, IES, etc., this quiz will be a fun for you and enhance your knowledge in these topics!
So, let’s begin from the question number 1! 👇
1. Who is known as the “Father of Mitochondria”?
A. Carl Benda
B. LLynn Margulis
C. Richard Altmann
D. Albert von Kölliker
c
A German pathologist, Richard Altmann is responsible for discovering mitochondrion in a cell in the year 1886. He called these structure as “bioblasts” and proposed that they were fundamental living units within cells.
2. Who coined the term “mitochondria” in 1898?
A. Albert von Kölliker
B. Richard Altmann
C. Leonor Michaelis
D. Carl Benda
d
In 1898, a German microbiologist Carl Benda introduced the term “mitochondria”, which is derived from Greek words meaning “thread” and “granule.”
3. Which of the following cell organelles is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi Apparatus
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum
b
Mitochondria are called the “powerhouse of the cell” because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules that provide energy for cellular processes. This occurs through aerobic respiration.
4. What is the main function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
A. Synthesize proteins
B. Energy production in the form of ATP
C. DNA replication
D. Lipid storage
b
The main function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through aerobic cellular respiration. Mitochondria generate ~90% of ATP molecules within a cell that powers almost all cellular activities. ATP molecules produced by the mitochondria is essential for muscle contraction
5. Which of the following is a unique feature of mitochondria?
A. They contain chlorophyll.
B. They are found only in plant cells.
C. They lack an outer membrane.
D. They have their own DNA.
d
Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA (mtDNA).
6. Which scientist first observed mitochondria in plant cells, in Nymphaea alba (water lily) in 1904?
A. Friedrich Meves
B. Albert von Kölliker
C. Carl Benda
D. Richard Altmann
a
In 1904, German botanist Friedrich Meves confirmed the presence of mitochondria in plant cells, specifically in Nymphaea alba (white water lily). He observed earlier in animal cells.
7. What is the name of the process by which mitochondria produce ATP?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Glycolysis
C. Krebs cycle
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
d
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the electron transport chain (ETC) generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis to produce ATP.
8. Mitochondria have their own DNA. How is this DNA primarily inherited in humans?
A. Equally from both parents
B. Only from the father
C. Only from the mother
D. Randomly from either parent
c
In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited exclusively from the mother. This is because the mitochondria in the sperm are generally destroyed after fertilization.
9. In which part of the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) occur?
A. Outer membrane
B. Inner membrane
C. Cristae
D. Matrix
d
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion. This matrix contains the enzymes necessary for the Krebs cycle.
10. Which of the following cells is likely to have the highest number of mitochondria?
A. Skin cells
B. Muscle cells
C. Red blood cells
D. Fat cells (adipocytes)
b
Muscle cells, such as heart/cardiac muscle, require significant amounts of energy for contraction and movement. Therefore, they contain a high number of mitochondria to meet these energy demands.
11. Which of the following cell organelles is found only in plant cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
C. Ribosomes
D. Lysosomes
b
Chloroplasts are double-membraned organelles present only in plant cells. Lysosomes, ribosomes and mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells.
12. Which of the following is true about plastids?
A. All plastids perform photosynthesis.
B. Plastids lack their own DNA.
C. Plastids are present in the plant cells, while are absent in the animal cells.
D. None of the above
c
Plastids are present in the plant cells, while are absent in the animal cells.
13. Which type of plastid is responsible for making their own food through photosynthesis in plant cells?
A. Chromoplast
B. Leucoplast
C. Chloroplast
D. Amyloplast
c
Plant cells have a special organ cell named chloroplast with its help they are able to make their own food through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis.
14. Which of the following plastids is not found in plant cells?
A. Chloroplast
B. Chromoplast
C. Leucoplast
D. Mitochondrion
d
On the basis of presence of pigments, Plastids are three types: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts.
15. Which of the following plastid type gives carrots their orange color?
A. Chloroplast
B. Chromoplast
C. Amyloplast
D. Etioplast
b
Chromoplasts carry pigments that colour the parts of the plants.
16. In which of the following cell are plastids not typically found?
A. Leaf cells
B. Root cells
C. Human cells
D. Flower petals
c
Plastids, such as chloroplasts, are organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, where they play roles in processes like photosynthesis and storage of starch. In contrast, animal cells, including human cells, do not contain plastids.
17. What is the main function of leucoplasts?
A. Storage of nutrients (starch, lipids, proteins)
B. Pigment synthesis
C. ATP production
D. Photosynthesis
a
Leucoplasts are colorless, non-pigmented organelles found in non-photosynthetic parts of plants, such as roots, bulbs, and seeds. They are mainly involved in the synthesis and storage of macromolecules, such as Amyloplasts, Elaioplasts, and Proteinoplasts. Here, Amyloplasts stores starch, while Elaioplasts store lipids (oils). The function of Proteinoplasts is to store proteins.
18. Which cell organelle is directly connected to the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Nucleus
d
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is physically connected to the nuclear envelope, allowing for direct transport of materials between the nucleus and the ER.
19. Which of the following best describes the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Energy production
B. Protein and lipid synthesis
C. Genetic material storage
D. Cellular respiration
b
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for synthesizing proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER). It plays a significant role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and Calcium storage.
20. What is the main difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Rough ER lacks ribosomes, while smooth ER has ribosomes.
B. Rough ER is involved in lipid synthesis, while smooth ER synthesizes proteins.
C. Rough ER is present only in animal cells, while smooth ER is found in plant cells.
D. Rough ER has ribosomes attached, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
d
The rough ER has ribosomes on its surface for synthesizing proteins, whereas the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs.
21. Which of the following organelles is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in the process of protein modification and transport?
A. Lysosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleolus
D. Golgi apparatus
d
The chief function of Golgi apparatus in the gland cells receives protein secretions from the rough ER, modifies, and packages them into vesicles for transport to different parts of the cell.
22. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays an essential role in which of the following processes?
A. ATP production
B. Detoxification of harmful substances
C. DNA replication
D. Storing genetic information
b
The smooth ER in liver cells contains detoxifying enzymes that are involved in detoxifying drugs, alcohol, metabolic waste products or toxins. It also stores calcium ions, synthesizes lipids and steroids, especially in liver cells.
23. Which statement about the smooth ER is false?
A. It synthesizes steroid hormones in adrenal glands.
B. It stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
C. It detoxifies alcohol in liver cells.
D. It synthesizes proteins using bound ribosomes.
d
Protein synthesis occurs in the rough ER, not smooth ER.
24. In which type of cells is the rough ER more abundant?
A. Red blood cells
B. Muscle cells
C. Pancreatic cells
D. Bone cells
c
Pancreatic cells (Acinar Cells) produce and secrete digestive enzymes (such as, trypsinogen, amylase, lipase), which require abundant protein synthesis. Therefore, they have a high amount of rough ER.
25. The rough ER is most directly involved in the production of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. All of the above
c
The rough ER contains ribosomes that are responsible for synthesizing proteins, which are later processed and transported within the cell.
26. Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of steroid hormones?
A. Smooth ER
B. Rough ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Both A and B
a
The smooth ER in liver cells is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, detoxification of harmful substances, and steroid hormones, which are essential for cell signaling and metabolism. Liver cells contain large amounts of smooth ER because they play a significant role in detoxifying toxins and synthesizing lipids.
27. Which of the following organelles is mainly involved in the process of metabolism?
A. Mitochondria
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosomes
a
Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration. It is a key metabolic process that provides energy for the cell.
28. Which of the following statements about cell organelles are correct?
- Protoplasm is called the physical basis of life.
- The chromatin material, mainly consisting of DNA, stores and transmits hereditary information.
- Lysosomes are known as the “suicide bags” of the cell.
- Mitochondria contain both DNA and RNA.
A. 1, 2, and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, 3, and 4
D. 1 and 4 only
c
All are correct options.
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