The charge to mass ratio of an electron, often denoted as (e/me), is a fundamental physical constant that has significant implications for theories of an atom. In 1897, the British physicist Joseph John Thomson measured the electrical charge (e) to…
In this chapter, we will understand the groundbreaking discovery of electron, which is the first fundamental subatomic particle. In 1803, an English Chemist, Dalton proposed the first scientific atomic theory, known as Dalton’s atomic theory according to which all matter…
Atomic structure is a fundamental concept within physical chemistry that deals with the study of the structure of an atom. Basically, the atomic structure refers to the structure of an atom, which consists of a nucleus at its center and…
According to the law of conservation of mass (or the law of conservation of matter), matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction or change. It means the total mass of products is equal to the total mass…
When dealing with solutions, understanding the concentration of a solution is important. The term “concentration” refers to the amount of solute dissolved in one unit of solvent or solution. The concentration of solution is the amount of solute present in…
Properties of matter (or material substances) are simply characteristics by which different kinds of matter may be commonly recognized or identified. These characteristics help us differentiate or identify one substance from another. For example, a property of water is a…
The limiting reagent, also known as the limiting reactant, refers to the substance or reactant that is completely consumed or used up during a chemical reaction. Many a time in chemistry, a chemical reaction is carried out with the amounts…
Definition of Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space (i.e. volume) is called matter. It is the things our universe is composed of and all objects in the universe follow to this definition. All the surrounding objects in the…
Chemistry is a branch or part of physical science which deals with the study of properties of matter. By matter, we mean substances we can see, feel, touch, taste, and smell. Chemistry is concerned with the physical and chemical properties…
The term “stoichiometry” is derived from two Greek words – stoicheion (meaning, element) and metron (meaning, measure). It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. Stoichiometry in…