Atomic Structure

All the atoms of a particular chemical element have the same number of protons in their nuclei, but the number of neutrons may be different. Such atoms have the same atomic number, but mass numbers are different because of a…

In this chapter, we will understand what is mass number and how to find it with the help of solved examples. You have studied that an atom of an element consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The nucleus of an…

The number of protons present in the nucleus of each atom of an element is called atomic number of an element. Generally, it is represented by the symbol “Z”. The concept of the atomic number was first introduced by the…

In this chapter, we will understand the discovery of neutron discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. Up to 1932, it was considered that an atom is composed of only electrons and protons. Since electrons have negligible mass, scientists considered that…

In this chapter, we will explore the discovery of proton. As we know, atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, composed of three main subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Among these, protons play a critical role in defining…

In this chapter, we will understand what canal rays are, along with their discovery and properties. Canal rays, also known as anode rays, are streams of positively charged particles or ions that are created in a discharge tube when a…

In this chapter, we will understand the groundbreaking discovery of electron, which is the first fundamental subatomic particle. In 1803, an English Chemist, Dalton proposed the first scientific atomic theory, known as Dalton’s atomic theory according to which all matter…