In 1897, the experiment of J. J. Thomson precisely determined the charge to mass (e/m) ratio for an electron. In 1909, Robert A Millikan conducted an experiment known as “oil-drop experiment” to determine the charge (e) on an electron. He…
The charge to mass ratio of an electron, often denoted as (e/me), is a fundamental physical constant that has significant implications for theories of an atom. In 1897, the British physicist Joseph John Thomson measured the electrical charge (e) to…
In this chapter, we will understand the groundbreaking discovery of electron, which is the first fundamental subatomic particle. In 1803, an English Chemist, Dalton proposed the first scientific atomic theory, known as Dalton’s atomic theory according to which all matter…
Atomic structure is a fundamental concept within physical chemistry that deals with the study of the structure of an atom. Basically, the atomic structure refers to the structure of an atom, which consists of a nucleus at its center and…
A physical quantity in physics is a quantity which can be defined and measured. For example, mass, length, volume of an object, speed of moving car, distance, force, time, current, etc. are the examples of physical quantities. We describe the…
Introduction Units and Measurement | We know physics is an experimental science. To understand experimental science like physics, we associate our theoretical description of nature with our experimental observation of nature through quantitative measurement. In physics, we deal with numerous…
According to the law of conservation of mass (or the law of conservation of matter), matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction or change. It means the total mass of products is equal to the total mass…
Law of conservation of energy is one of the most fundamental concept in all physics. This law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to another. For instance, when an…
In this chapter, we will understand conservation laws in Physics. During any physical phenomenon governed by different forces, several physical quantities may change with time, but some special physical quantities remain constant with time. Such physical quantities are called “conserved…
We all experience several forces in day-to-day lives. For example, when a moving object hits us, we experience the impact of forces on us. We need a force to push, carry or throw objects, deform or break them. Sir Isaac…